The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has intensified its efforts to explore the submerged history of Dwarka and Bet Dwarka, two sites deeply embedded in Indian mythology as the ancient city of Lord Krishna. The Underwater Archaeology Wing (UAW) of ASI recently launched its latest round of onshore and offshore expeditions along Gujarat's coast.
Professor Alok Tripathi, ASI Additional Director-General, is leading this initiative to expand archaeological research in the historically rich Okha Mandal. The team's methods include surveying potential sites, deploying scientific diving techniques, and documenting submerged remains.
Dwarka, often mentioned in ancient literature, holds significant cultural and historical importance. According to mythological accounts, it is believed that Lord Krishna established this city, which later submerged due to rising sea levels or other natural causes. Earlier excavations near Dwarka’s Dwarkadhish Temple were restricted due to space constraints but revealed artifacts and evidence of ancient settlements. These discoveries support the theory of continuous human habitation in this area over centuries.
The significance of the ongoing expedition is amplified by the historical backdrop and Prime Minister Narendra Modi's scuba diving visit to the submerged remains in February 2023. Such activities reflect the increasing focus on preserving and exploring India's rich underwater heritage.
Since 2001, the UAW has conducted archaeological explorations at various underwater locations across India, including Bangaram Island in Lakshadweep, Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu, Loktak Lake in Manipur, and Elephanta Island in Maharashtra. These efforts have not only added to the academic understanding of India's maritime history but also highlighted the potential of underwater archaeology in preserving heritage.
The renewed focus on Dwarka promises exciting discoveries, with researchers employing advanced methods to identify and study submerged structures. Besides diving operations, the team is evaluating new sites in and around Dwarka and Bet Dwarka. These findings will contribute significantly to further scientific research and add valuable insights into India's cultural history.
Dwarka's archaeological exploration not only underscores the blend of mythology and history but also exemplifies the importance of interdisciplinary research in understanding the past. This expedition is a testament to India's commitment to uncovering, preserving, and celebrating its cultural legacy.
The ongoing exploration resonates well with the increasing global interest in underwater archaeology. By documenting submerged remains, India continues to position itself as a leader in this fascinating field, merging the ancient past with modern scientific techniques.
Dwarka, an ancient harbour and an important religious center of the Hindus, has played an important role in the history of maritime activities of Okhamnadal region since the early historical period. Gomati creek, located at the eastern side of Dwarka, served as a safe harbour till the 19th century AD. Offshore explorations have brought to light a large number of stone structures which appear to be the remains of an ancient jetty. This hypothesis is supported also by the discovery of a large number of stone anchors of various types in Dwarka waters. The typology of anchors has indicated that Dwarka was an important port since historical period. Maritime activities increased many folds during the medieval period. This flourishing port and religious capital is believed to have sub-merged under the sea after the death of Lord Krishna.
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Sources:
Satish Jha, & Satish Jha. (2025, March 27). ASI begins fresh underwater surveys at Gujarat’s Dwarka to uncover its past, legends. Deccan Herald. https://www.deccanherald.com/india/gujarat/asi-begins-fresh-underwater-surveys-at-gujarats-dwarka-to-uncover-its-past-legends-3466136#:~:text=Home%20india%20gujarat-,ASI%20begins%20fresh%20underwater%20surveys%20at%20Gujarat's%20Dwarka%20to%20uncover,additional%20director%2Dgeneral%20of%20ASI
Bhardwaj, A., & Bhardwaj, A. (2025, March 28). Exploring the Mysteries Beneath Dwarka: India’s underwater archaeologists in action. Republic World. https://www.republicworld.com/info/exploring-the-mysteries-beneath-dwarka-indias-underwater-archaeologists-in-action
Staff, S. (2025, March 27). ASI Launches Next Round Of Underwater Expedition In Dwarka To Uncover Submerged Remains Of Lord Krishna’s Ancient City. Swarajyamag. https://swarajyamag.com/news-brief/asi-launches-next-round-of-underwater-expedition-in-dwarka-to-uncover-submerged-remains-of-lord-krishnas-ancient-city
Parvez Sultan, & Parvez Sultan. (2025, March 27). ASI conducts another round of underwater exploration in Dwarka. The New Indian Express. https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Mar/27/asi-conducts-another-round-of-underwater-exploration-in-dwarka
A. S. Gaur*, Sundaresh and Sila Tripati National Institute of Oceanography, Done Paula Goa 403 004, India.
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